Around 3400 BCE, several significant events occurred:
Mesopotamian City of Eridu: The city of Eridu in Mesopotamia, one of the oldest Sumerian settlements, flourished during this period, serving as a center of religious worship and trade.Jiroft Civilization in Iran: The Jiroft civilization, located in modern-day Iran, thrived around 3400 BCE, with evidence of advanced urban planning and distinctive artifacts.Megalithic Culture in Europe: Across Europe, megalithic cultures were constructing impressive stone structures, such as passage tombs and stone circles, reflecting communal activities and burial practices.Early Mesoamerican Agriculture: In Mesoamerica, early agricultural practices were developing, laying the groundwork for the later civilizations like the Olmec and Maya.Hongshan Culture in China: The Hongshan culture, centered in northeastern China, was notable for its advanced jade carving techniques and the creation of intricate artifacts.
These events provide insights into the early phases of civilization, including the development of writing and the emergence of complex societies in Mesopotamia, the Aegean, the Indus Valley, and Egypt during the 34th century BCE.
Around 3300 BCE, several significant events occurred:
Rise of the Sumerian City-States: In Mesopotamia, the Sumerian civilization witnessed the rise of city-states like Uruk and Ur, marking the beginning of complex urban societies.Invention of Writing: The earliest known form of writing, cuneiform, emerged in Sumer. It initially served as a system for accounting and record-keeping.Early Bronze Age in the Aegean: In the Aegean region, including Greece and the Cycladic islands, cultures such as the Cycladic civilization laid the groundwork for the Bronze Age.Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE): The Indus Valley Civilization, with major cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, was well-established, showcasing advanced urban planning and sophisticated drainage systems.Naqada Culture in Egypt: In Egypt, the Naqada culture was flourishing, marking a prelude to the later developments of the Early Dynastic Period.
These events provide insights into the early phases of civilization, including the development of writing and the emergence of complex societies in Mesopotamia, the Aegean, the Indus Valley, and Egypt during the 34th century BCE.